Bootsrap Essential

Bootstrap Grid System

Bootstrap's grid system allows up to 12 columns across the page.

If you do not want to use all 12 column individually, you can group the columns together to create wider columns:

span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1	span 1
span 4				span 4				span 4
span 4				span 8
span 6						span 6
span 12

Grid Classes

The Bootstrap grid system has four classes:

• xs (for phones)
• sm (for tablets)
• md (for desktops)
• lg (for larger desktops)

Grid System Rules

Some Bootstrap grid system rules:

• Rows must be placed within a .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding
• Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns
• Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows
• Predefined classes like .row and .col-sm-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts
• Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on .rows
• Grid columns are created by specifying the number of 12 available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three .col-sm-4

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Basic Structure of a Bootstrap Grid

The following is a basic structure of a Bootstrap grid:

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-*-*"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-*-*"></div>
    <div class="col-*-*"></div>
    <div class="col-*-*"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    ...
  </div>
</div>

So, to create the layout you want, create a container (<div class="container">). Next, create a row (<div class="row">). Then, add the desired number of columns (tags with appropriate .col-*-* classes). Note that numbers in .col-*-* should always add up to 12 for each row.

Two Columns With Two Nested Columns

The following example shows how to get two columns starting at tablets and scaling to large desktops, with another two columns (equal widths) within the larger column (at mobile phones, these columns and their nested columns will stack):

Example

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-sm-8">
    .col-sm-8
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
      <div class="col-sm-6">.col-sm-6</div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-sm-4">.col-sm-4</div>
</div>

Mixed: Mobile And Desktop

The Bootstrap grid system has four classes: xs (phones), sm (tablets), md (desktops), and lg (larger desktops). The classes can be combined to create more dynamic and flexible layouts.

Tip: Each class scales up, so if you wish to set the same widths for xs and sm, you only need to specify xs.

Example

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-9 col-md-7">.col-xs-9 .col-md-7</div>
  <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-5">.col-xs-3 .col-md-5</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-10">.col-xs-6 .col-md-10</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-2">.col-xs-6 .col-md-2</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
<  div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
</div>

Mixed: Mobile, Tablet And Desktop

Example

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-7 col-sm-6 col-lg-8">.col-xs-7 .col-sm-6 .col-lg-8</div>
  <div class="col-xs-5 col-sm-6 col-lg-4">.col-xs-5 .col-sm-6 .col-lg-4</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-8 col-lg-10">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-8 .col-lg-10</div>
  <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4 .col-lg-2</div>
</div>